Negative Effects Of Puritan Culture On American Society

As the sky mimics the bleakness of ash and the life below it reflects the same somber manner, the air reeks of agony, angst, and anguish. Throughout the town, people wear solemn expressions on their faces as they see their loved ones slaughtered —day after day. They are enduring a nightmare with the fear of being accused of witchcraft. They are living during the corrupt time of the Salem witch trials. Thomas Satterwhite Noble’s oil painting â€Å"The Witch Hill,† which typifies the mood described above, depicts a young woman being escorted to her execution because she has been accused of witchcraft. Looking at this work, it becomes clear that this alleged witch is a regular woman with a regular life. Her soft eyes suggest that she is innocent.†¦show more content†¦Once in the New World, John Winthrop established the Massachusetts Bay Colony (â€Å"The Puritans†). Within this self-governed colony, Puritans continued practicing such religious belief s as predestination—the idea that God has determined everyone’s fate since birth and their damnation or salvation cannot be changed (Campbell). Puritans later used this as justification for the execution of dozens of accused witches. Within this Puritan community, witch hysteria arose in 1692—the Salem Witch Trials. However, the common misconception is that many believed that the witch trials only took place in Salem. In fact, there were more people accused of witchcraft in other towns, such as Andover (Norton). In Salem, the witch crisis began when two young girls, Elizabeth Parris and Abigail Williams, suffered from uncontrollable fits and violent behavior, which led to the suspicion of that these children were under Satan’s influence (Frost-Knappman). Paris and Williams accused three women of bewitching them- Tituba, Sarah Good, and Sarah Osborne- who were promptly arrested (Salem Witch Trials and Executions). From there, the witch madness spread wit hin the community. Tituba, a slave, confessed to witchcraft and pointed fingers at other women in the Salem community. Full of fear, the governor of Massachusetts, William Phips demanded trials to be issued for these witchcraft cases. As aShow MoreRelatedIsolation In The Scarlet Letter1220 Words   |  5 PagesIn the 17th century, Puritan society arose in New England as one that was governed by its religious views, and thus was a deterministic one. Nathaniel Hawthorne illustrates this in his novel The Scarlet Letter, in which the characters Hester, Dimmesdale, Pearl, and Chillingworth are alienated by society. Although many of their griefs are a result of the characters’ own actions, the purpose of Hawthorne’s text is to highlight how sorrowful and constrained life can be in a society governed by determinismRead MoreExploratons and Colonization of North and South America Essay examples916 Words   |  4 PagesExploration and colonization of North and South America we re ultimately not beneficial in the 15th and 16th centuries because it wiped out many cultures and did more harm than good. First of all, the Europeans forcibly converted the Natives to Christianity. This had a great negative impact because it resulted in the loss of native cultures. Over time, many Native American languages started to disappear from common use and English took over. Many may argue that colonization and exploration were important becauseRead MoreBreastfeeding The Perfect Infant Food Essay1672 Words   |  7 Pagesbreastfeeding their children is timeless. Well, everyone is entitled to their own opinion most of the time when it comes to breasts, but when it’s breastfeeding everyone in society shuts the door. Breastfeeding is an action done by a mother who is feeding their baby with milk of her own. Breastfeeding is look down upon because of American Culture, it has gone from the main source of food for infants to an uncomfortable, less used practice and basica lly discriminated many women especially much more commonlyRead MoreAmeric The Multinational Society884 Words   |  4 PagesMultinational Society,† Ishmael Reed gives his readers no context for his expertise in the subject of multiculturalism, though he is black and has seen first-hand his family’s culture mixed with other cultures present in the United States. His best examples of cultural blending happening, and indeed being a positive thing, is when he compares the attitude of xenophobes to those of the actual colonial-era Puritans, who were a stunningly brutal people. Reed’s examples of the failings of other societies thatRead MoreThe Temperance Movement Of Antebellum America708 Words   |  3 PagesTemperance Movement in Antebellum America was one of the largest moral reforms of in 1800s. Several members of the community fought for the prohibition of alcohol, rather than just limiting the about being consumed. However, â€Å"many farmers argued that the society and its desire to eradicate King Alcohol—as temperance advocates often termed alcoholic beverages—were a scheme to deprive the people of their liberty. Starting with main in the 1851, twelve states and territories outlawed the consumptions of alcoholRead MoreDifferences Between Latin And North America1279 Words   |  6 Pagesto the disparity between Spanish and English culture. Both Latin and North America are different, due to the Spanish and English ideals implemented in each area. The way of life in both regions are very different. Additionally, the trading and methods of making a stable economy, are substantially diverse. If the English had conquered Mexico and Peru instead of North America, their way of trade would be different. Furthermore, their structure of society and they way they would create their homes wouldRead MoreThe Differences Between The Colonies And The Middle Colonies1738 Words   |  7 Pagescolonies found their wealth in lumbering and shipbuilding; the Southern colonies sought to grow and trade cash crops for wealth. The Northern colonies composed of [Separatist] Pilgrims, Puritans, and Quakers had more religious reasons for being founded, but not limited to refuge from religious persecution, and a holy society or â€Å"city upon a hill.† The Northern colonies were also religiously self-governing; one example being the Mayflower Compact, while the South had regular laws instituted. DemographicallyRead MoreBiological and Cultural Consequences of European Contact with the Native Americans1985 Words   |  8 Pageswith the Native Americans had grave consequences surpassing the expectations of both sides. However, while the Europeans were able to overcome most of the initial problems surrounding the contact, the Native Americans endured the effects for much longer which led to the decline of Native American power in North America. Both biological effects such as the impact of diseases, and cultural effects i ncluding the formation of new societies and the European influence, had devastating effects on the livesRead MoreThomas Paines Beliefs Essay1467 Words   |  6 PagesFoltz-Gray D. The Native American effect It is clear that throughout many years there has been an exemption of treatment when talking about the Native Americans in the United States. Supposedly every individual is endowed with the right of freedom, equality, and of seeking for happiness, but Native Americans were treated irrationally. From the discovery of America, to the founding fathers and settlers, the treatment and attitude towards Native Americans has been unsettling at best. TheRead MoreHistory 1301 Exam 1 Review1673 Words   |  7 PagesColumbian Exchange affected both world in many ways. For Europe, it brings avocado, potato, tomato, corn, beans, tobacco, turkeys as positive effects and the negative effect are diseases like tuberculosis and syphilis. For North America, positive effects: coffee beans, olive, banana, sugar cane, grape, sheep, pig, horse. And the negative effects impact North America are: smallpox, chickenpox, measles etc†¦ * Name four groups of people who migrated to British North America in the 17th

Analysis Audio Engineering - 1478 Words

Arparish Royal Kennedy, AMH September 13, 2016 Audio Engineering (Major Paper) The musical field has always held a great interest to me. Since I was young I knew I would find a career in this field. When I listened to music I would always focus more on the background musical elements rather than the lyrics themselves. I would note how well the beat and lyrics coexisted with each other. Just the aspect of how someone could translate lyrics into a working beat and create a product that would be a perfect blend of lyrics and musical elements. Even now I notice how I constantly critique the music I listen to. It s to the point where I can tell if the music an artist is using the beat effectively or not. This ability that I ve developed over time by listening to countless sounds and analyzing them. I believe music has the ability to convey all sorts of emotion. Whether the emotion is joy and happiness or sadness and despair through rhythms, harmonies and the lyrics music shows it. The effect that music can have on our emotions is greater than we realize, as it can bring people to tears or bursts of laughter. The visual images that music and songs are able to create together are amazing. Music can easily take you back to an old memory. It lets me revisit lost and forgotten moments in life. Songs can paint very vivid pictures, for example in classical and country music where a story is being told. The music in classical music tells a story without lyrics which is aShow MoreRelatedStudio Business Plan Essay4772 Words   |  20 Pages..................................................................... 21 Advertising ............................................................................................................................................... 21 Competitor Analysis..................................................................... 23 Existing Competitors ................................................................................................................................ 23 Potential CompetitorsRead MoreThe Evolving Digital Steganography Methods Through Ages927 Words   |  4 Pagessteganography techniques in different media like text, voice, picture, and video to determine the advantages and disadvantages of each technique. Motivation: Steganography is the science of hiding a secret message or data inside another text, image, audio or video file. It has been in use since ancient times. The distinguishing factors in the steganography techniques used back then and at present, is the medium to carry the secret data and the various algorithms which have been designed for it. We intendRead MoreElectrical Engineering Concepts And Not Mechanical Engineering1392 Words   |  6 PagesAs a second year BEng Electronic and Electrical Engineering student a project had to be devised which would consist of Electrical Engineering concepts and not Mechanical Engineering. Groups were made so that tasks could be carried out by each member. Several project ideas were then made by each group member. The ideas which were thought of by myself included a hybrid solar and wind battery charger, a parking sensor and also remote control blinds (Appendix A). Research had to be carried out onRead Moreâ€Å"AIM HIGH ALWAYS AND WORK ‘HARD’ TO REACH YOUR GOAL BECAUSE SUCCESS IS SWEET BUT IT’S1000 Words   |  4 Pageshappy for having made a clear choice. With the interest and efforts put in I secured yet again school 1st rank in my twelfth final exams with 97.9% (1175/1200) and got into Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, one of the top engineering colleges of my country, on a merit basis. My undergraduate study provided me with a rich vastness in syllabus that helped me explore with vibrancy, various subjects that has finally helped me choose my domainRead MoreMercedes Benz And The Automobile Industry Essay806 Words   |  4 Pagesthe three-pointed star, stands for the aspiration to deliver the best in terms of products, technology and services. Mercedes-Benz cars are seen as some of the best cars in the world, standing as symbols of beautiful quality and innovative engineering. Analysis of Mercedes-Benz Written Communication On the Mercedes-Benz homepage, if you scroll through it you will see the word ‘innovation’ being tossed about constantly. This is because, I believe, Mercedes-Benz wants the consumer to know that theyRead MoreTypes Of Speech Databases1068 Words   |  5 Pagesconversations, chat shows, conversations in public places etc. are very naturally occurring and express a wide range of emotions. Some of the top choices of datasets are the Berlin dataset of German emotional speech (EMO-DB), the RML audio-visual dataset and the BAUM-ls audio-visual dataset. These datasets are free of cost and publically available [3]. The EMO-DB [5] is a speech corpus containing 535 speech percepts with the corresponding emotional labels. It is a simulated environment dataset containingRead MoreSystem Development Life Cycle3366 Words   |  14 Pages figure 1: Panasonic AVC Network Johor Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. (PAVCJM) Panasonic AVC Network Johor Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. (PAVCJM) was formerly known as Matsushita Audio Video (M) Sdn. Bhd. (MAV). It was established in 21st December 1990 as the 14th Matsushita Company in Malaysia and the first Audio and Video Company in South East Asia outside Japan. Continuous improvement and emphasis in quality has resulted in realizing the company vision to establish their very own Research andRead MoreIntegrated Management Of Projects And Systems990 Words   |  4 Pagescapacity, whether this is via job assistance, or enablement. Communications, record keeping, and employee management all rely heavily upon IT systems to operate. Engineering jobs rely on IT systems to augment and assist to a greater degree than other areas due to the technical nature of the work. Nowhere is this more true than in Software Engineering, where technical details and their representation is key to the success of any project. It has been found that face-to-face meetings are still unmatc hed inRead MoreSteganography Analysis : Steganography And Cryptography1350 Words   |  6 PagesFunction: An algorithm used to hide the message. †¢ Extracting Function: An algorithm used to unhide/uncover the message In the basic steganographic process, the secret message is hidden into a cover object. The cover object can be any of text, image, audio, video etc. A secret key is also used and the secret message is embedded into the cover object using the secret key. This new message obtained is called stego message. The stego message is transmitted over the public channel. The receiver gets theRead MoreAnalysis Of Watermarked Images Using Steganography1277 Words   |  6 PagesANALYSIS OF WATERMARKED IMAGES USING STEGANOGRAPHY BY MEANS OF ENCRYPTION AND DECRYPTION PROCESS Priyanka Malvi1Anubhav Sharma2 Address for correspondence 1M Tech scholar, Department of Computer science engineering, Acropolis Institute of Tech. Research Bhopal, M.P., India 2Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science Engineering Acropolis Institute of Tech. Research Bhopal, M.P., India 1Email id:priyankas1829@gmail. Contact No.: 9406258135 2Email id:,Hodit.aitr@gmail.com ________________________________________

Leo Tolstoy’s Art Free Essays

Tolstoy is one of those writers whose life intervened in his literary activity; the events from real life influenced the specificity of themes and topics, raised in his works. He practiced various genres from novels, short stories to non-fiction letters. The beginning of his work as a writer coincided with his military service. We will write a custom essay sample on Leo Tolstoy’s Art or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first considerable writing took six year to be completed. It was a trilogy that consisted of three novels dealing with different period of life of a person: Childhood (1852), Boyhood, (1854) and Adolescence (1857). The first novel of the trilogy in a lyrical and enchanting manner describes the innocence and joy of life through child’s-eye view. The trilogy is autobiographical and presents the psychological and moral development of the hero from age ten to his late teens. After Tolstoy left army in 1856 he strengthened himself as a talented participator of Russian literary processes. His military experience, gained in Crimean War, served him as a prolific source of material for new literary works, and consequently was employed for a number of short stories. Thus his â€Å"Sebastopol Tales† fiercely criticize war and ennoble an ordinary soldier. When Childhood, Adolescence, and the war stories appeared, everyone hailed them as â€Å"the first full and complete artistic expression of the psychological process.†[1] One the greatest novels by Tolstoy is War and Peace. While the scope of War and Peace is epic, Tolstoy does not load the novel down with historical facts and dates. Instead, he brings history alive by making it personal. A reader watches the intimate destinies of the Rostovs, the Bezukhovs, the Bolkonskys unfold with a level of emotion and attachment that no historical account could convey. And their fates are projected on to the destiny of a nation. It is this powerful historical fiction with a purpose that won Tolstoy his well-deserved international acknowledgement. War and Peace is universal in its appeal because of the universality of its themes: that war is profoundly alien to human nature; that the average soldier’s patriotism is the building block of nations (e.g. the character of captain Tushin); the limited impact that even great individuals have on history (Napoleon and Kutuzov). Tolstoy draws his characters with simple brush strokes, with psychological depth, that makes them real. For example, the character of Natasha Rostova, whose beauty and attractiveness depended not so much on her appearance, as on her youth and her inner energy, the beauty of her soul reveals to us the symbolic significance she has in the novel. Unlike all the other main characters whose names are known to the reader before their physical appearance is described, Natasha is left nameless. She appears not like a true human being but sooner as a mythical creature that personifies the joy of life: â€Å"This black-eyed, wide-mouthed girl, not pretty but full of life . . . ran to hide her flushed face in the lace of her mother’s mantilla—not paying the least attention to her severe remark—and began to laugh. She laughed, and in fragmentary sentences tried to explain about a doll which she produced from the folds of her frock.† [2] In Anna Karenina, probably his stylistically most perfect novel, he sought to create a novel in the tradition of the Greek classics. He dwells on marital happiness, the fate of an abused woman in society and the role of physical and spiritual love in marriage. In Anna Karenina the epic horizons are narrower than in War and Peace, yet the feelings of the characters are more sharp and acute, their sufferings at times even more profound. Anna’s and Vronsky’s story of forbidden love strikes readers because Tolstoy shows the fatal inevitability of a mutual attraction, its development and then its fading and its tragic denouement. Anna and Vronsky are depicted as being destroyed by some external force, in fact, by each other. Tolstoy writes that they involuntarily submit to the other:   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Involuntarily submitting to the weakness of Anna –who had given herself up to him entirely, and placed her fate in his hands, ready to accept anything–he had long ceased to think that they might part, as he had thought then†¦.   [He] had completely abandoned himself to his passion, and that passion was binding him more and more closely to her.†[3] The brilliance of Tolstoy’s art is his almost casual description of details that, at first sight seems insignificant and accidental, but which later come to play a crucial role in a character’s fate. In the end, the drama of Anna’s love is portrayed with such strength that it cannot leave any reader indifferent. After he had written Anna Karenina, Tolstoy got determined against literature. He wanted henceforth to be a moral philosopher rather than an artist. And as Anthony Daniels notes in his article, many people subsequently fell under Tolstoy’s didactic teaching, even – for a time – Chekhov.[4] This didactics became peculiar to his successive works. In Tolstoy’s literature we find the contemplation of what are the proper ways of living. For instance in his short story â€Å"How Much Land Does A Man Need?† the main character is an ordinary farmer whose own greed destroys him. In this literary work, the author exploits Pahom’s search as a symbolic warning that longing for too much can result in loss of everything. Tolstoy strengthens his moral believes by his stories. Through the symbolism he endeavors to preach his philosophy and deliver hidden messages to readers. Thus, main character’s running against the sun conveys the symbolic meaning that Pahom is moving against time and course of life. This symbolic device produces the atmosphere of haste and panic. However, at the end of the story the main character dies and all his pursuit for unreal aim turns out to be worthless. The morality of the story is that we must properly estimate our abilities and what is more important our needs. Tolstoy finishes this story with the conclusion that finally we all will need not more that only small piece of land: â€Å"His servant picked up the spade and dug a grave long enough for Pahà ³m to he in, and buried him in it. Six feet from his head to his heels was all he needed†.[5] In the mid-1880s Tolstoy continues writing short stories. He tends to use fairy tales or religious legends to develop their ideas in his own works. The style of these short stories is plain but expressive. They often reveal Tolstoy’s religious convictions. In 1886, Tolstoy publishes the novella â€Å"The Death of Ivan Illych.†Ã‚   The story concerns dying man who becomes aware that his life is nearly over. By the time Tolstoy wrote â€Å"The Death of Ivan Illych†, he got engaged in extremely puritanical ideas. His protagonist’s main pleasure in life is playing bridge with his friends, which is condemned by the writer as vicious because, like music at the conservatoire, it is frivolous, artificial, and inauthentic. He severely criticizes this character and depicts his life as a shallow, terrible being: â€Å"Ivan Illych’s life had been most simple and most ordinary and therefore most terrible.†[6] Ivan is a conformist; opinions and expectation s of people of socially higher rank usually determine Ivan’s behavior and wishes. He tries to keep up friendship with only those who have good social position. That is why his life is terrible; there is no place for free will, for well-grounded decision. And the only exemplary character in this story is a peasant Gerasim. Tolstoy wrote about the peasants as about the moral agents, bearers of moral virtues. In â€Å"The Death of Ivan Illych† Ivan learned something from Gerasim, who made him see a possibility to which Ivan’s way of living had kept his eyes shut, a possibility that was excluded by the way he lived. Ivan Illych had been caught up in a way of life that excluded the possibility of care for and devotion to other people. By his example Gerasim opened up for Ivan what was a new possibility and made him realize what was wrong with his life. In this story Tolstoy juxtaposes moral peasant with a morally weak nobleman. Though in his late works Tolstoy exhibited too ideological approach when evolving his characters and presenting themes that led to simplifications, his penetrating psychological analysis had great influence on later literature. The most important thing is that Tolstoy succeeded in his major endeavor as a writer to use his linguistic and artistic means to portray eternal human passions through typical traits of his epoch, going beyond linguistic, ethnic and other borders. Tolstoy solved this task excellently. And this is why he is a classic of both Russian and world literature. Works Cited List: Daniels, Anthony. â€Å"Chekhov Tolstoy†. New Criterion. Vol. 23: 8, April 2005. Orwin Tussing, Donna. Tolstoy’s Art and Thought, 1847-1880. Princeton University Press, 1993 Tolstoy, Leo. Anna Karenina. Aylmer Maude – Transl., Louise Maude – Transl., London: Penguin, 1978. —-, â€Å"How Much Land Does a Man Need?†   Twenty-three Tales, Transl. L. and A. Maude, New York: Funk Wagnalls Company, 1907: 113-122 —-, â€Å"The Death of Ivan Illych† Aylmer Maude – Transl., Louise Maude – Transl., Retrieved on December 3, 2005 from Tolstoy Library  http://home.aol.com/Tolstoy28 —-, War and Peace. Henry Gifford – editor, Aylmer Maude – Transl., Louise Maude – Transl., Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.[1]Donna Tussing Orwin. Tolstoy’s Art and Thought, 1847-1880. Princeton University Press, 1993: 19 [2] Leo Tolstoy, War and Peace, 39 [3] Tolstoy, Leo Anna Karenina, 381 [4] Anthony Daniels, Chekhov Tolstoy, 31 [5] Tolstoy Leo, Twenty-three Tales, â€Å"How Much Land Does A Man Need?†, 122 [6] Tolstoy Leo, The Death of Ivan Illych, Chapter II How to cite Leo Tolstoy’s Art, Essay examples

Debate on climate change free essay sample

Debate on Climate Change Climate change is a significant and lasting change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of It may be a change in average weather conditions or the distribution of events around that average. for example more or fewer extreme weather events. Climate change may be limited to a particular region or may occur across the whole Earth. I t is a broader context of human dimensions in which insufficient attention has been given to the Issues on how to cultivate a cross disciplinary approach to address what Is complex and systemic problem. This essay seeks to bring that issue into focus and for the purpose of this essay shall be discussing, the description of climate change; the western nations too influence by capitalism to effectively deal with this problem with reference to Australia politics. I shall also support my view with what actions from experts should we not take to respond to climate change as well as critically analysing possible solutions to ameliorate the global warming and conclusion. Climate change Is not d new apocalypse; the climate of the earth has always been changing from year-to-year, century-to-century and millennium-to-millennium charmine EJ Hartel 2010). This Is one of the controversial issues going on In Australia polltlcs at the moment (carbon tax) which shall discuss later on In this topic. one of the greatest challenges that are facing humanity in this century according to Graeme/Pearman (2010) is climate change and degradation of the environment. It has been observed that humans produce this global impact through our use of natural resources, multiplied by the vast increase In population (reproduction consumption) seen In the past 50 to 100 years This Is also associated with lots of ther problems such as reduction of glaciers, loss of critical habitats and so on. There is no doubt that this Is a broader context of human dimensions and we need to address, for example the human causes, the consequences, and response (adaptation mltlgatlon) to climate change. We also need to address the links between these aspects ot climate change cognitive, effective, motivational, interpersonal, and organizational responses and processes of human behaviors (Swin etal 2011, Rogerson et all Lord Monckton also supported that there Is overwhelming evidence that humans are the dominant cause of this warming, rimarily due to our greenhouse ges emissions. Based on fundamental physics and mathematics, he stated that we can quantity the amount ot warming human activity is causing, and verify that were responsible for essentially all of the global warming over the past 3 decades. In fact, we expect human greenhouse gas emissions to cause more warming than weVe thus far seen, due to the thermal inertia of the oceans (the time It takes to heat them). Cached The culture and structure of our economies are related to the nature ot our climate, its regularity,Variability and severity. Climate change should therefore be a major field of inquiry in the social, behavior and organizational sciences generally. This Is especially so given because most of the human activities of this current warming are of high degree of Importance and further change need to be anticipated New scientific evidence of responses to it (see for example Hansen et all, 2007; Rahmstorf et al 2007). To avoid more increase warming in the future such responses (actions) need to be both adaptive that is how we and natural ecosystems react and response to climate change and make it less harmful, how the growth of emissions of greenhouse gases an be reduced and reversed (Charmine EJ Hartel, Graeme/Pearman 2010). In Australia Just as I said earlier on in this topic the issues of carbon tax is the talk of the day. It has been a big struggle between Julia Gillard (prime minister) and Tony Abbott (opposition leader). On the 8th of November, the senate passed legislation towards clean energy which they thought will pave away for one of the most important environmental and economic reforms in the nations history. According to the Julia Government the passage of the clean Energy Future legislative package will allow Australia to begin reducing emissions, developing and fostering new echnologies in renewable energy, which will encourage energy efficiency and create more opportunities in the land sector to cut pollution. The intention is to drive investment in clean energy and ensure Australia play its role as a global citizen. A fixed carbon price of $23 a tonne is set to apply from 1 July, 2012, moving to a flexible price after three years. The carbon price tax is to be paid only by Australias largest polluters. They said For most people, the Governments comprehensive Household Assistant Package will cover, and in many cases exceed, any prices rises. In fact, nine ut of 10 household will receive compensation from a combination of tax cuts and increases to family benefits (The Australia Affairs December 8, 2011). The carbon tax will introduce costs to approximately 500 businesses which are comprised of Australias heaviest polluters. Some of these companies as we know are termed trade exposed, which means that they compete with offshore companies who may not be subject to the same carbon pricing scheme. There are six streams of industry assistance in the carbon price package. The Jobs and Competitiveness Program provides $9. 2 billion worth of free permits to trade exposed industries. They will include steel manufacturers, aluminium producers and cement producers. They will receive either 94. 5% or 66% of their permit for free, depending on the intensiveness of the carbon they produced. Liquefied natural gas producers are set to receive 50% of their permit for free. The overall rate of compensation will be reduced by 1. % per year, and the entire program will be reviewed by the Productivity Commission in 2014 (Environmental Defenders Office Victoria 2011). Murray Deakin in demystifying the proposed carbon tax explain that about 500 of Australias highest polluting ompanies will be required to buy and surrender a permit with the initial priced of $23 for every tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent they emit. There is no doubt that the top 500 businesses will pass on this additional carbo n tax related cost in the form of increased prices for electricity, gas and other emission intensive products (such as steel and aluminium). There is no argument that the proposed carbon price will not have an impact on all businesses, regardless of their size and shape. Murray went further to say that global warming is real, man-made and vital, but the present esponse has not worked for 20 years, wont work now and wont solve it in the television, radio, newspapers-bad plan. This is especially true for Australia, which has introduced a carbon tax that will not work, while developing debate on an alternative solution (Dynamic business Published 2011). Furthermore, Bjorn Lomborg said the real problem with the carbon tax is not that cant be academically Justified but that it is not a significant part of the solution to environmental degradation. According to Bjorn it creates a feeling of doing good while achieving very little, and has led to a olitical polarisation on the issue, obscuring the real problem, and solution. The green energy is too expensive and not ready to replaced fossil fuels that is the real truth. Let not deceive ourselves, any realistic carbon tax right now wont be sufficient to change that. To reach the much-vaunted 2C target would require a worldwide tax on carbon of about $4000/tonne, or more than $9/litre of petrol towards the end of the century, obviously this is not politically feasible in Australia, let alone in emerging nations such as China. More also, such a tax would lead to costs many times more than the problem it was meant to fix. There is another way. The issue is that green energy is too expensive, ameliorating that by making fossil fuels so expensive no one will want them is never going to work. Instead we should be aiming on how to make green energy so cheap so that everyone can afford it. As a group of Nobel laureate economists concluded when convened by the Copenhagen Consensus Centre to identify the smartest solutions to this challenge, we should devote Just 0. 2 per cent of global GDP, roughly $100bn a year, to green energy research and development. I believed that this would have a much higher likelihood than the introduction of arbon tax which is kind of game-changing breakthroughs needed to fuel a carbon- free future. The global warming will be fixed if we could provide solar panels that are cheaper than fossil fuels in the next two to three decade for everyone to switch to. Not only would such a solution be much less expensive than trying to cut carbon emissions, it would also reduce global warming far more quickly. The developing countries would be likely to embrace this solution rather than the carbon tax. Australia as one of the leader on climate change, should aim to be a real leader in solving the problem. It could do so by smartly funding green research instead of increasing people burden by this present carbon tax. By doing so Australia would save more money with cheaper climate policy that could actually work and could bridge the gap between the government and opposition (The Australian Affairs 2011). I agree we live in global economy with much of it having a lower production costs than our own in the developed world and we must prudently respond to the threat of climatic changes. Irrespective of where we live whether in Australia, Europe, USA, Japan, Australia, New Zealand or Japan, we know our Job losses are draining our ountries and making it more difficult to support our retirement plans, health benefits, and even our national defence. But we must be careful not to further increase the costs of our products and services. Therefore we ought not to commit ourselves to actions that will put us at disadvantage, whether it is the Kyoto protocol or some other vehicle Increase our taxes on fuels (e. g. , a carbon tax) that are inputs to production and services. We should not forget that the most valuable things we have are our health, our lives, and our family, and it is not wise to place them at risk y driving, or riding in, vehicles that put them at risk in order to save energy or other even though it would be one of the most immediate steps to slow C02 emissions. There are many ideas that may not have advantage. For example, using biofuels that have a high fossil energy input in fertilizer or machinery, or planting trees to reduce C02, but finding out they also absorb solar radiation more than what they replace. In responding to global warming, we should take actions that make sense in their own right and which will be important whether the Earth warms or cools in the near uture. It is a certainty that the Earth in distant future will warm beyond what we have today and that the next ice age is waiting in the wings, but not for another 30,000 years or so, according to IPCC 2007- present knowledge of solar variability and orbital mechanics. If we are concerned about global warming, a guiding principle is to do things that yield a cost savings or are neutral. Overall, we should focus on how to reduce our cost of goods sold and, at the consumer level, our living expenses, while at the same time cleaning up our act and looking for ways to Improve Energy Efficiency and Energy Sources (Rogerson et al 2010). In conclusion, from all the points carefully illustrated above I believed I have been able to convince the audiences that western nations are too influence by capitalism to deal with the problem of climate change. We all can play a critical role in addressing these issues by fostering a sustainable environment. We need to develop multiple strategies for fostering a sustainable environment which could be draw from the diversity of topics and areas of specializations or discipline. A well- developed research should be carried out on how to foster environmentally ustainable behaviors. These interventions should be targeted on education of the public, message framing, feedback, decision making, the media, incentives and disincentives, and social marketing. In fostering a sustainable environment, other sciences and professions as well as religion and ethics need to actively involve on it. We ought to be more involved directly, systematically, and visibly to draw on our current knowledge and to have palpable impact (Swin et al 2011). One of the problems we have today is that we want the world to change, but that is not true- is ot the world that need to be change it is we that need to be change because we can only change the world if we change ourselves. Those that have been in relationship for some length of time will agree with me that its not easy to change someone that is close to us but rather for us to change ourselves. So it is very important for us to re-orientate ourselves, change our attitudes for this is the only way we would serve the world very well and make it a better place to live. The last and not the list this essay has lots of limitations. The need for further and ongoing multi-disciplinary and nternational research is both necessary and pressing.